Explanation of Pre-Course Review Modules
As part of the Doctorate of Nurse Practitioner (DNP) program, welcome to an introduction to our applied statistics course in health science, NUDR703. As a DNP, it is essential to have a good understanding of analysis and interpretation relevant to advanced nursing practice. We hope this experience will deepen your base knowledge of data analysis and its application to improve nursing science and client outcomes. Many students feel a bit rusty if they have not used statistics regularly since your master’s program. In your orientation on campus, there will be a three hour hands-on laboratory session. This session is designed to help you become familiar in data management and analysis as well as refreshing your current understanding of data interpretation. This orientation should help you become grounded and confident in progressing through this course. In preparation, please work through the following content prior to our meeting on campus. If you are having difficulty, please e-mail the faculty and we will address you or your colleagues’ problems with this content within a week.
Introduction to Review Modules A, B and C
The following review modules are designed to ensure your readiness to start at a doctoral level course. Specifically, descriptive statistics will be reviewed and students will practice calculation of descriptive statistics problems. For students who have not had a graduate statistics course in the past five years, it is mandatory that you complete the modules and turn them in prior to the orientation day. Give us time to review your material, and we will give you feedback, meet with you if necessary to get you up to speed for this course.
Module A includes calculations for measures of central tendency, variation, evaluation of measurement scale, and assessment of normal distribution.
Module B includes testing differences between two groups. The module focus is on learning the assumptions, analyses and interpretation of the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.
Module C includes testing differences between two times. The module focus is on learning the assumptions, analyses and interpretation of the paired t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank.
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Descriptive Statistics
The first module is intended to provide you with an overview of the course which includes course expectations. Course resources and design will be explained. Descriptive statistics will be reviewed and students will have an opportunity to calculate descriptive statistics problems. The major calculations include: mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, variance, sample size, skewness, kurtosis, normal distribution, z score, significance level, and standard scores. Procedures for data entry and analysis for descriptive statistics will be explained. The students will then have the opportunity to enter a sample data set, analyze the data and interpret the data.
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Readings
Read the assigned section of the Munro textbook. This content review should be reflective of your basic knowledge from your introductory univariate statistics course. There are output examples in this book from Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS). We chose not to use this software as most of our students do not have easy access to this expensive package. We believe you can still use the SPSS examples in the book to better understand how the data was calculated and interpreted. We will use various less expensive software packages to assist you in your learning for this course as we discussed in the Syllabus.
Chapter 1 (pages 3-16), is a good overview of how statistics is an integral part of research.
Chapter 2 (pages 19 – 55) discusses the common symbols used in statistics, scale of measurement, frequencies, shapes of distributions, methods of displaying data in graph form. The chapter also discusses measures of central tendency, dispersion of the data, and levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio).
Chapter 3 (pages 61-63, 68-72). This chapter defines probability and normal distribution. There is an explanation of determination of z scores and percentile ranks in this chapter.
Chapter 4 (pages 77-89. Understanding how research can infer an outcome from statistics is explained. Hypothesis statements, statistical significance, types of errors, power, effect size, and confidence intervals are important content from this chapter. Also, if you wish, click here to view a short Youtube video on type errors: http://youtu.be/iz1sfne1cNA. To understand the principle of effect size, watch this Youtube: http://youtu.be/tTgouKMz-eI. These principles for effect size are true for both parametric and non-parametric analysis. Do not worry about calculating effect size by hand, the Excel workbooks will provide the calculation output for you. We will use similar principles for calculation of effect size for non-parametric analyses and will be discussed
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Learning Activities
Descriptives statistics. We will be working mainly in Excel documents to guide you through calculation of descriptive statistics. Each lesson in the modules includes a PowerPoint, a movie related to the PowerPoint, and a corresponding Excel file. The PowerPoint can be used to write notes and follow along with the move presentation. The movies are developed so that you can review the content as many times as you like. The Excel file contains sample data files, calculations and descriptions of calculations. Start in sequence through the lessons within each module.
a. Review Exercises. This section reviews scale of measurement, central tendency, variability, box plots, normal distribution, descriptive graphics, and z score calculations. In addition, Friendly Introductory Statistics Help and Calculator Soup are helpful programs that can be used to verify your hand calculations. View and/or print Descriptives PowerPoint Part 1 and Descriptives Powerpoint Part 2 and view Descriptives Movie Part 1 and Descriptives Move Part 2. If you have trouble downloading the powerpoints, make sure you are logged into your UINDY Gmail account. Since data is stored in Google Drive you must be signed into your Google account.
b. Descriptive Calculation Practice. After viewing the movie and PowerPoint, download Descriptives Excel. To understand the Excel worksheets and what must be calculated, a link to an explanation of each worksheet can be found on the first worksheet. In addition, a movie explaining all the computer procedures for analyzing descriptive statistics can be found in the workbook on the Practice Calculations worksheet.
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Assignments
Students who have not had statistics in the last 5 years need to complete the below assignment and turn it in under Assignments. All other students should complete this on their own.
Answer the practice questions on p. 55, numbers, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8. Pages 56-57 1 -20. Answers to the Chapter Review questions start on page 465.
Answer on pages 73-74, Review questions: 6-10; The Conceptual Questions: 1 & 2.
Answer on pages 88-90, the Review questions: 1-10.
Complete the Descriptive Excel calculations using the below data set:
Systolic BP
119
104
144
116
131
121
115
104
109
125
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